python高阶函数:filter(过滤器)
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filter
(function, iterable)Construct a list from those elements of iterable for which function returns true. iterable may be either a sequence, a container which supports iteration, or an iterator. If iterable is a string or a tuple, the result also has that type; otherwise it is always a list. If function is
None
, the identity function is assumed, that is, all elements of iterable that are false are removed.Note that
filter(function, iterable)
is equivalent to[item for item in iterable if function(item)]
if function is notNone
and[item for itemin iterable if item]
if function isNone
.See
itertools.ifilter()
anditertools.ifilterfalse()
for iterator versions of this function, including a variation that filters for elements where the function returns false.
str.
strip
([chars])Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing characters removed. The chars argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be removed. If omitted or
None
, the chars argument defaults to removing whitespace. The chars argument is not a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped:>>> ' spacious '.strip() 'spacious' >>> 'www.example.com'.strip('cmowz.') 'example'
就是,如果省略参数,默认过滤空格。
#过滤list中的偶数
def get_odd(s):
return s % 2 == 1; #C语言绝对不能这么写
print "get odd:", filter(get_odd, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
#过滤list中的空格
def not_empty(s):
return s and s.strip() #s过滤了'None'元素,s.strip()默认过滤空格
print "not_empty:", filter(not_empty, ['A', ' ', 'B', None, 'C', ' '])
补充:
.strip(None/string):从头尾开始,按对象字符串顺序删除
a.如果strip参数中没有对象头尾开始的字符,则无法删除,返回对象全字符
str1 = 'www.example.com' print (str1.strip('lcoz.')) ####strip参数中没有'w'/'m',两端删除受阻
b.如果strip参数中有对象的头尾开始字符,则匹配删除参数中的字符,返回未删除字符
str1 = 'www.example.com' print (str1.strip('lcwmeoza.')) xamp ####strip参数中没有'x'/'p',两端删除受阻
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