nginx+PHP+memcached+MySQL+ip-hash做memcached集群
1、nginx与memcached整合
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#安装memcached支持的事务库libevent
wget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.0.22-stable/libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz tar zxf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-2.0.22-stable ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent make && make install echo $? cd ..
#接下来安装memcached:
wget http://www.memcached.org/files/memcached-1.4.35.tar.gz tar zxf memcached-1.4.35.tar.gz cd memcached-1.4.35 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent make && make install echo $? cd ..
#运行memcached
[root@nginx ~]# /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -u nobody -vv
#配置nginx配置文件nginx.conf，定位user的uri交给memcached做缓存
#添加location定位：
location ~* user {
set $memcached_key "$uri"; #设置memcached的key为uri
memcached_pass 192.168.146.132:11211; #链接memcached
error_page 404 /callback.php; #错误定位
}#加载nginx配置
nginx -s reload
#在memcached中写入一条URI数据，测试整合是否成功
[root@nginx ~]# telnet 192.168.146.132 11211 Trying 192.168.146.132... Connected to 192.168.146.132. Escape character is '^]'. add /user1.html 0 0 7 iamlisi STORED quit
#访问http://192.168.146.132/user1.html如能看到iamlisi，那么nginx与memcache整合成功了！
2、整合PHP与memcahced
#安装PHP扩展模块memcache
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz tar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgz cd memcache-2.2.7 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir make && make install echo $? cd ..
pkill php-fpm #杀死php-fpm进程
php-fpm #启动php-fpm
http://192.168.146.132/test.php能看到memcache模块就成功了
#测试PHP与memcached
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/callback.php php
#访问http://1982.168.146.132/user2.html 此uri在memcached中不存在，就会回调到callback.php处理请求，结果如下：
Array ( [USER] => nobody [HOME] => / [FCGI_ROLE] => RESPONDER [SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /usr/local/nginx/html/callback.php [QUERY_STRING] => [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET [CONTENT_TYPE] => [CONTENT_LENGTH] => [SCRIPT_NAME] => /callback.php [REQUEST_URI] => /user2.html [DOCUMENT_URI] => /callback.php [DOCUMENT_ROOT] => /usr/local/nginx/html [SERVER_PROTOCOL] => HTTP/1.1 [REQUEST_SCHEME] => http [GATEWAY_INTERFACE] => CGI/1.1 [SERVER_SOFTWARE] => nginx/1.12.1 [REMOTE_ADDR] => 192.168.146.1 [REMOTE_PORT] => 14187 [SERVER_ADDR] => 192.168.146.132 [SERVER_PORT] => 80 [SERVER_NAME] => localhost [REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200 [HTTP_HOST] => 192.168.146.132 [HTTP_CONNECTION] => keep-alive [HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS] => 1 [HTTP_USER_AGENT] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36 [HTTP_ACCEPT] => text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,p_w_picpath/webp,p_w_picpath/apng,*/*;q=0.8 [HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING] => gzip, deflate [HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE] => zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 [PHP_SELF] => /callback.php [REQUEST_TIME] => 1503552110 )
3、使用PHP让memcached链接MySQL查询key与value并存入memcached，
#接下来我们写个PHP程序，链接数据库，让memcached找不到的uri就回调给PHP，然后PHP去链接数据库，查找数据后给memcached：
cat html/callback.php
';
$user = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if (empty($user)) {
echo 'no this user';
} else {
// print_r($user);
$html = ''. $user['uname'].'
';
echo $html;
$mem = new memcache();
$mem->connect('192.168.146.132',11211);
$mem->add($uri,$html,0,300);
$mem->close();
}#此处我们要在数据库中建立test库和user表，并写入uid和uname字段数据：
#注意：callback.php文件调用的库和表，字段要对应建立
mysql> create database test; mysql> use test; mysql> create table user( -> uid int(11) not null, -> uname varchar(255) not null, -> primary key (uid)); mysql> insert into user (uid,uname) values(1,'i am memcached'); mysql> insert into user (uid,uname) values(2,'dslajfflsaj;gljdaslgjlajfdalsjf');
#此时访问uir，首先会转发到memcached处理，memcached中没有key就会回调给callback.php处理，然后PHP链接数据库，查询uri数据，然后memcached会写入key与value，并将数据返回给客户端。
http://192.168.146.132/user1.html
#memcached显示数据动态：
<36 new auto-negotiating client connection 36: Client using the ascii protocol <36 add /user1.html 1 300 122 >36 STORED <36 connection closed. <36 new auto-negotiating client connection 36: Client using the ascii protocol <36 get /user1.html >36 sending key /user1.html >36 END <36 connection closed.
4、配置memcached群架，nginx和PHP使用一致性哈希(ip-hash)
#当使用memcached群集时，会遇到数据写入memcached不一致，因为nginx模式使用round-robin（轮询）方式访问memcached服务器，就会造成写入和读出数据不在同一服务器的问题，为此nginx提供了ip-hash基于Ip的一致性哈希算法，它会记录访问IP，下次访问时同一ip会访问上次记录的服务器。
官方参考文档：https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/consistent_hash/
#下载nginx hash模块并安装：
cd /root/tools wget https://github.com/replay/ngx_http_consistent_hash/archive/master.zip unzip master.zip
#查看nginx编译参数
[root@LNMP tools]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.8.1 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/tools/nginx-1.8.1/nginx-rtmp-module
#进入nginx源码目录，添加模块安装
[root@LNMP tools]# cd nginx-1.8.1 [root@LNMP nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/tools/nginx-1.8.1/nginx-rtmp-module --add-module=/root/tools/ngx_http_consistent_hash-master/ [root@LNMP nginx-1.8.1]#make && make install
#模拟memcache集群,区分端口启动三个memcached
memcached -d -u nobody -p 11211 -vv memcached -d -u nobody -p 11212 -vv memcached -d -u nobody -p 11213 -vv
#nginx配置文件http段添加upstram模块：
upstream mcserver {
consistent_hash $request_uri; #指定使用哈希算法，针对memcached，请参考文档
server 192.168.146.132:11211;
server 192.168.146.132:11212;
server 192.168.146.132:11213;
}#并在location中反向代理到mcserver集群：
具体参考文档：http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_memcached_module.html#memcached_pass
location ~* /user {
set $memcached_key "$uri"; #将uri配置为memcached的key
memcached_pass mcserver; #代理到memcached集群
error_page 404 = /callback.php; #memcached中找不到key将回调到此文件
}#重新加载nginx配置
nginx -s reload
#修改php配置为hash查询
#具体参考文挡：http://cn2.php.net/manual/en/memcache.ini.php#ini.memcache.hash-strategy
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini memcache.hash_strategy=consistent #添加，使用一致性哈希
#重新启动php-fpm
pkill -9 php-fpm netstat -lntup|grep 9000 php-fpm
#修改回调代码，建立memcached集群链接
cat html/callback.php
addServer('192.168.146.132',11211);
$mem->addServer('192.168.146.132',11212);
$mem->addServer('192.168.146.132',11213);
//链接数据库,查询并写入memcached
$conn = mysql_connect('localhost','root','123.com');
$sql = 'use test';
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$sql = 'set names utf8';
mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$sql = 'select * from user where uid='.$uid;
$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);
echo 'from mysql query'. $user['uname'].'
';
echo $html;
$mem->add($uri,$html,0,10);
$mem->close();
}#测试数据，memcached会在一个端口写入数据和查询数据：
<36 new auto-negotiating client connection 36: Client using the ascii protocol <36 get /user1.html >36 END <36 connection closed. <36 new auto-negotiating client connection 36: Client using the ascii protocol <36 add /user1.html 0 10 87 >36 STORED <37 new auto-negotiating client connection 37: Client using the ascii protocol <37 get /user1.html >37 END <37 connection closed. <40 new auto-negotiating client connection 40: Client using the ascii protocol <40 get /user2.html >40 END <40 connection closed. <40 new auto-negotiating client connection 40: Client using the ascii protocol <40 add /user2.html 0 10 40 >40 STORED <41 new auto-negotiating client connection 41: Client using the ascii protocol <41 get /user2.html >41 END <41 connection closed.
#到此nginx+PHP+memcached+MySQL并现象memcached群架一致性哈希算法完成！
#途中遇到一个问题：在MySQL中写入中文数据，php调用后第一次显示正常，第二次存入memcached后调用就乱码了，我用Google和Firefox浏览器都是乱码，而用360和IE则没有乱码！暂时没找到原因，有知道的忘告知，万分感谢！！！
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