shell脚本三剑客之sed命令

sed:

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模版：

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

sed选项如下：

n 不打印；sed不写编辑行到标准输出，缺省为打印所有行（编辑和未编辑） 。p命令可以用来打印编辑行。（重点）

c 下一命令是编辑命令。使用多项编辑时加入此选项。如果只用到一条 sed命令，此选项无用，但指定它也没有关系。

f 如果正在调用s e d脚本文件，使用此选项。此选项通知 sed一个脚本文件支持所有的 sed命令，例如：sed -f myscript.sed input_file，

这里myscript.sed即为支持sed命令的文件。

使用sed在文件中定位文本的方式：

x:x为一行号，如1。

x,y:表示行号范围从x到y，如2，5表示从第2行到第5行。

/pattern/:查询包含模式的行。例如/disk/或/[a-z]/。

/patern/:pattern/查询包含两个模式的行。例如/disk/disks/。

pattern/,x:在给定行号上查询包含模式的行。如 /ribbon/,3。

x,/pattern/:通过行号和模式查询匹配行。3./vdu/。

x,y!:查询不包含指定行号x和y的行。1,2 !。

sed编辑命令：

p 打印匹配行

= 显示文件行号

a \ 在定位行号后附加新文本信息

i \ 在定位行号后插入新文本信息

d 删除定位行

c \ 用新文本替换定位文本

s 使用替换模式替换相应模式

r 从另一个文件中读文本

w 写文本到一个文件

q 第一个模式匹配完成后推出或立即推出

l 显示与八进制A S C I I代码等价的控制字符

{ } 在定位行执行的命令组

n 从另一个文件中读文本下一行，并附加在下一行

g 将模式2粘贴到/pattern n/

y 传送字符

n 延续到下一输入行；允许跨行的模式匹配语句

显示指定行：

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed '2p' data.f 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '2p' data.f 

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

释：如果不加-n，sed就不能定义文件行数。所以打印了全部信息。

显示范围行：

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '1,3p' data.f 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

释：显示1到3行数据。

显示行号：

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed '/floor/=' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

3

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n '/floor/=' test 

3

释：不加-n选项则显示全部和相应行号

替换：

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed 's/\$//g' test       

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly 90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed 's/in/ABCD/w 123.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evenABCDg of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was ABCD attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# cat 123.txt 

It was an evenABCDg of splendid music and company.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was ABCD attendance.

释：只是将替换的结果存到文件中，不会将全部都放进去。

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n 's/fell/"abcd" &/p' test 

Too bad the disco floor "abcd" fell through at 23:10.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n 's/fell/abcd &/p' test 

Too bad the disco floor abcd fell through at 23:10.

释：匹配模式前插入你要加入的字符。

写入：

root@localhost sed]# sed '/bad/ w 456.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@localhost sed]# cat 456.txt 

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

[root@localhost etc]# sed -n '14,24 w named.conf' rndc.conf 

[root@localhost etc]# cat named.conf 

# Use with the following in named.conf, adjusting the allow list as needed:

# key "rndckey" {

# algorithm hmac-md5;

# secret "Dqx3HzhRkD9X2cyL6pnLvQ==";

# };

# 

# controls {

# inet 127.0.0.1 port 953

# allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };

# };

# End of named.conf

释：可以打印行号内容,注意这样做会覆盖原有数据。

[root@localhost sed]# sed '1,3 w 456.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@localhost sed]# cat 456.txt 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

释：可以匹配正则内容

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/23:10./r 123.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

abcdefg

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

释：用r选项正则匹配行下加入123.txt文件的内容

模式匹配首次出现后退出sed

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/\./q' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/.a.*/q' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

释：假设要在test文档中查找“.“或“.a.*”但是要在首次匹配到就需要退出则使用q参数。

综合联系

[root@localhost sed]# cat test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

---------------------------------------------

fasdfds

fsdfs

-----------------------------------------------

safsdfdsfsdf

sfsdfsd

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/-*//g' test |sed '/^$/d' |sed '$d' |sed '1d'

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

fasdfds

fsdfs

safsdfdsfsdf

释：第一命令是删掉虚线，第二命令是删掉空行，第三命令是删除最后一行，第四个命令是删除第一行

去除行首：

[root@localhost sed]# cat 123.txt 

121 UDP_TCP

121 UDP_TCP

223 UDP_TCP

2 UDP_TCP

4324 UDP_TCP

32 UDP_TCP

543 UDP_TCP

534 UDP_TCP

654 UDP_TCP

654 UDP_TCP

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/^[0-9]*//g' 123.txt 

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

添加行尾：

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/[0-9]*/& UDP/w 678.txt' 456.txt

121 UDP

121 UDP

223 UDP

2 UDP

4324 UDP

32 UDP

543 UDP

534 UDP

654 UDP

654 UDP

[root@localhost sed]# cat 678.txt

121 UDP

121 UDP

223 UDP

2 UDP

4324 UDP

32 UDP

543 UDP

534 UDP

654 UDP

654 UDP

从shell向sed传值：

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name |sed "s/the/$ABCD/g"

Too bad ABCD disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $ABCD

ABCD

释：注意sed符号要用双引号。

从sed输出中设置shell变量：

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $ABCD

ABCD

[root@localhost sed]# NEW_NAME=`echo $name |sed "s/the/$ABCD/g"`

[root@localhost sed]# echo $NEW_NAME

Too bad ABCD disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

‘s/\.$/ /g’ 删除以句点结尾行

‘-e/abcd/d’ 删除包含abcd的行

‘s/[ ][ ][ ]*/[ ]/g’ 删除一个以上空格，用一个空格代替

‘s/^[ ][ ] * / / g’ 删除行首空格

‘s/\.[ ][ ]*/[ ]/g’ 删除句点后跟两个或更多空格，代之以一个空格

‘/^$/d’ 删除空行

‘s/^./ /g’ 删除第一个字符

‘s/COL\( ...\)/ /g’ 删除紧跟C O L的后三个字母

‘s/^ \/ / /g’ 从路径中删除第一个\

‘s/[ ]/[ ]/ /g’ 删除所有空格并用t a b键替代

‘S/^[ ] / /g’ 删除行首所有t a b键

‘s/[ ] * / /g’ 删除所有t a b键

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