STL——空间配置器
__malloc_alloc_template分配器:该分配器是对malloc、realloc以及free的封装:
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当调用malloc和realloc申请不到内存空间的时候,会改调用oom_malloc()和oom_realloc(),这两个函数会反复调用用户传递过来的out of memory handler处理函数,直到能用malloc或者realloc申请到内存为止。
如果用户没有传递__malloc_alloc_oom_handler,__malloc_alloc_template会抛出__THROW_BAD_ALLOC异常。所以,内存不足的处理任务就交给类客户去完成。
__default_alloc_template分配器
这个分配器采用了内存池的思想,有效地避免了内碎片的问题(顺便一句话介绍一下内碎片和外碎片:内碎片是已被分配出去但是用不到的内存空间,外碎片是由于大小太小而无法分配出去的空闲块)。
如果申请的内存块大于128bytes,就将申请的操作移交__malloc_alloc_template分配器去处理;如果申请的区块大小小于128bytes时,就从本分配器维护的内存池中分配内存。
分配器用空闲链表的方式维护内存池中的空闲空间。
#include#include using namespace std; #define __DEBUG__ static string GetFileName(const string& path) { char ch = '/'; #ifdef _WIN32 ch = '\\'; #endif size_t pos = path.rfind(ch); if (pos == string::npos) return path; else return path.substr(pos + 1); } // 用于调试追溯的trace log inline static void __trace_debug(const char* function, const char * filename, int line, char* format, ...) { #ifdef __DEBUG__ // 输出调用函数的信息 fprintf(stdout, "【%s:%d】 %s", GetFileName(filename).c_str(), line, function); // 输出用户打的trace信息 va_list args; va_start(args, format); vfprintf(stdout, format, args); va_end(args); #endif } #define __TRACE_DEBUG(...) \ __trace_debug(__FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__); typedef void(*MallocAllocHandler)(); template class MallocAllocTemplate { protected: static MallocAllocHandler _handler; static void* Oom_Malloc(size_t n) { MallocAllocHandler handler = NULL; void* ret = NULL; while (1) { handler = _handler; if (handler == NULL) { cout << "out of memory" << endl; //exit(1); } (*handler)(); ret = malloc(n); if (ret) return ret; } } public: static void * Allocate(size_t n) { void *result = malloc(n); if (0 == result) result = Oom_Malloc(n); __TRACE_DEBUG("调用一级空间配置器开辟内存:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", result,n); return result; } static void Deallocate(void *p, size_t n) { free(p); __TRACE_DEBUG("调用一级空间配置器释放内存:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", p, n); } static void(*SetMallocHandler(MallocAllocHandler f))() { void(*old)() = _handler; _handler = f; return(old); } }; template MallocAllocHandler MallocAllocTemplate ::_handler = NULL; template class DefaultAllocTemplate { enum { ALIGN = 8 }; enum { MAX_BYTES = 128 }; enum { NFREELISTS = MAX_BYTES / ALIGN }; union Obj { union Obj * _freeListLink; char _clientData[1]; /* The client sees this. */ }; static Obj * volatile _freeList[NFREELISTS];//指针数组 static char *_startFree; static char *_endFree; static size_t _heapSize; static size_t FreeListIndex(size_t bytes) { return (((bytes)+ALIGN - 1) / ALIGN - 1); } static size_t RoundUp(size_t bytes) { return (((bytes)+ALIGN - 1) & ~(ALIGN - 1)); } static char* chunkAlloc(size_t n, int& nobjs) { char* ret = NULL; size_t totalBytes = n*nobjs; size_t freeLeft = _endFree - _startFree; if (freeLeft >= totalBytes) { ret = _startFree; _startFree += totalBytes; __TRACE_DEBUG("内存池足够分配空间:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", ret, totalBytes); return(ret); } else if (freeLeft >= n) { nobjs = freeLeft / n; totalBytes = n*nobjs; ret = _startFree; _startFree += totalBytes; __TRACE_DEBUG("内存池只有空间:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", ret, totalBytes); return(ret); } else { size_t bytesOfGet = 2 * totalBytes + RoundUp(_heapSize >> 4); //将剩下的小块内存挂载 if (freeLeft > 0) { Obj* myFreeList = _freeList[FreeListIndex(freeLeft)]; ((Obj*)_startFree)->_freeListLink = myFreeList; _freeList[FreeListIndex(freeLeft)] = (Obj*)_startFree; } _startFree =(char*) malloc(bytesOfGet); if (_startFree == NULL) { Obj* myFreeList, *p; for (int i = n; i < MAX_BYTES; i += ALIGN) { myFreeList = _freeList[FreeListIndex(i)]; if (myFreeList != NULL) { p = myFreeList; myFreeList = myFreeList->_freeListLink; _startFree = (char*)p; _endFree = _startFree + i; return chunkAlloc(n, nobjs);//会进入else if } } //空闲链表无比n大的内存 _endFree = NULL;//防止_startFree返回0,而_endFree为一个很大的值,误认为有内存池内存可分配 _startFree = (char*)MallocAllocTemplate<0>::Allocate(bytesOfGet); } _heapSize += bytesOfGet; _endFree = _startFree + bytesOfGet; return chunkAlloc(n, nobjs);//会进if } } static void* Refill(size_t n) { int nobjs = 20; char * chunk = chunkAlloc(n, nobjs); Obj* volatile * myFreeList; Obj* ret; Obj * currentObj=NULL, *nextObj=NULL; int i; if (1 == nobjs) return(chunk); myFreeList = _freeList + FreeListIndex(n); ret = (Obj *)chunk; *myFreeList = nextObj = (Obj *)(chunk + n); /*for (i = 1;; i++) { currentObj = nextObj; nextObj = (Obj *)((char *)nextObj + n); if (nobjs - 1 == i) { currentObj->freeListLink = 0; break; } else { currentObj->freeListLink = nextObj; } }*/ // for (i = 0; i < nobjs - 1; ++i) { currentObj = nextObj; nextObj = nextObj + 1; currentObj->_freeListLink = nextObj; } __TRACE_DEBUG("挂载空间到自由链表\n"); currentObj->_freeListLink = NULL; return ret; } public: static void Deallocate(void* p, size_t size) { if (size > MAX_BYTES) { MallocAllocTemplate<0>::Deallocate(p, size); __TRACE_DEBUG("调用一级空间配置器释放内存:ptr:%p,size:%u\n",p,size); } else { Obj * myFreeList = _freeList[FreeListIndex(size)]; ((Obj*)p)->_freeListLink = myFreeList; _freeList[FreeListIndex(size)] = (Obj*)p; __TRACE_DEBUG("挂载到自由链表释放内存:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", p, size); } } static void * Allocate(size_t n) { Obj * volatile * myFreeList; Obj * result; if (n > MAX_BYTES) { return(MallocAllocTemplate<1>::Allocate(n)); } myFreeList = _freeList + FreeListIndex(n); result = *myFreeList; if (result == NULL) { void* ret = Refill(RoundUp(n)); __TRACE_DEBUG("分配空间:ptr:%p\n", ret); return ret; } *myFreeList = result->_freeListLink; __TRACE_DEBUG("从自由链表直接取:ptr:%p,size:%u\n", result,n); return result; } }; template typename DefaultAllocTemplate ::Obj* volatile DefaultAllocTemplate ::_freeList[DefaultAllocTemplate<0, 0>::NFREELISTS] = { 0 };//指针数组 template char* DefaultAllocTemplate ::_startFree = NULL; template char* DefaultAllocTemplate ::_endFree = NULL; template size_t DefaultAllocTemplate ::_heapSize = 0; # ifdef __USE_MALLOC typedef MallocAllocTemplate<0> Alloc; typedef MallocAllocTemplate<0> Alloc; # else typedef DefaultAllocTemplate<0, 0> Alloc; typedef DefaultAllocTemplate<0, 0> Alloc; #endif template class SimpleAlloc { public: static T *Allocate(size_t n) { return 0 == n ? 0 : (T*)Alloc::Allocate(n*sizeof(T)); } static T *Allocate(void) { return (T*)Alloc::Allocate(sizeof(T)); } static void Deallocate(T* p, size_t n) { if (0 != n) Alloc::Deallocate(p, n*sizeof(T)); } static void Deallocate(T *p){ Alloc::Deallocate(p, sizeof(T)); } //将调用传递给配置器的成员函数,可能是第一级也可能是第二级 }; void Test1() { //MallocAllocTemplate<1> d; ////int *p=(int*)MallocAllocTemplate<1>::Allocate(sizeof(int)); //int *p=(int*)d.Allocate(sizeof(int)); //*p = 2; //cout << *p << endl; //d.Deallocate(p, sizeof(int)); //DefaultAllocTemplate<0, 0> a; //int* p1 = (int*)a.Allocate(sizeof(int)); //*p1 = 3; //cout << *p1 << endl; //typedef MallocAllocTemplate<0> Alloc; // 测试调用一级配置器分配内存 cout << " 测试调用一级配置器分配内存 " << endl; char*p1 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(129); SimpleAlloc ::Deallocate(p1, 129); // 测试调用二级配置器分配内存 cout << " 测试调用二级配置器分配内存 " << endl; char*p2 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); char*p3 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); char*p4 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); char*p5 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); SimpleAlloc ::Deallocate(p2, 128); SimpleAlloc ::Deallocate(p3, 128); SimpleAlloc ::Deallocate(p4, 128); SimpleAlloc ::Deallocate(p5, 128); for (int i = 0; i < 21; ++i) { printf(" 测试第%d次分配 \n", i + 1); char*p = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); } } // 测试特殊场景 void Test2() { cout << " 测试内存池空间不足分配个 " << endl; // 8*20->8*2->320 char*p1 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(8); char*p2 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(8); cout << " 测试内存池空间不足, 系统堆进行分配 " << endl; char*p3 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(12); } void Test3() { cout << " 测试系统堆内存耗尽 " << endl; SimpleAlloc ::Allocate(1024 * 1024 * 1024); //SimpleAlloc ::Allocate(1024*1024*1024); SimpleAlloc ::Allocate(1024 * 1024); // 不好测试, 说明系统管理小块内存的能力还是很强的。 for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) { char*p1 = SimpleAlloc< char, Alloc>::Allocate(128); } }
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本文名称:STL——空间配置器
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