Oracle手工建库教程
系统环境：
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操作系统： RedHat EL6
Oracle： Oracle 10g and Oracle 11g
手工建库相对来说很容易实现，本案例是从10g和11g，通过手工建库的方式做一个简单的对比，可以看出11g和10g之间的一个简单的差异！
案例一：
在Oracle 10g 环境下手工建库
DB_NAME='cuug'
INSTANCE_NAME='cuug'
1、建立Instance的初始化参数文件和口令文件：
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cat initcuug.ora
db_name = cuug
db_block_size = 8192
pga_aggregate_target = 30M
db_cache_size = 80M
shared_pool_size = 60M
parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4
optimizer_mode = choose
star_transformation_enabled = true
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16
query_rewrite_enabled = true
query_rewrite_integrity = trusted
background_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump
user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump
core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump
control_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/control01.ctl
undo_management = auto
undo_tablespace = rtbs
[oracle@oracle dbs]$orapwd file=orapwcuug password=oracle entries=3
2、建立数据库相关目录
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug
3、建立建库脚本（参考Oracle 11g Online）
[oracle@oracle dbs]$cat cr_db.sql
create database cuug
user sys identified by oracle
user system identified by oracle
datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf' size 300m
sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf' size 100m
undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
logfile
group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/redo01a.log' size 10m,
group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/redo02a.log' size 10m
character set zhs16gbk;
4、启动Instance建立数据库
[oracle@oracle dbs]$export ORACLE_SID=cuug
[oracle@oracle dbs]$sqlplus '/as sysdba'
10:59:59 SYS@ test1>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 268437456 bytes
Database Buffers 142606336 bytes
Redo Buffers 4288512 bytes
11:00:12 SYS@ test1>@/home/oracle/cr_db.sql
Database created.
查看告警日志信息（alert_cuug.log);
[oracle@oracle dbs]tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/cuug/bdump/alert_cuug.log
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
default storage (initial 10K next 10K) online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2
Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log
Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011
create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM
Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011
Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485
Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011
Completed: create database test
user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m
sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m
logfile
group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m,
group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m,
group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m
character set zhs16gbk
5、建立数据字典
数据字典脚本：
[oracle@oracle dbs]cat cr_dict.sql
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/oracle
@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
11:20:12 SYS@ test1>@/home/oracle/cr_dict.sql
6、建立Users表空间并设为默认表空间
系统默认的表空间为system，如果以system为默认表空间，会影响数据库的管理和性能
12:09:56 SQL> create tablespace users
12:10:01 2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/user01.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
12:10:41 SQL> alter database default tablespace users;
Database altered.
7、添加example案例
12:11:45 SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@oracle ~]$
@至此，手工建库完成！
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