RabbitMq的5种开发方案是什么
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1、安装
windows安装rabbitmq
mac安装rabbitmq 需要注意的是,mac安装rabbitmq,启动的时候命令前,需要加 sudo,不然会报错误
2、rabbitmq 开发概念词
2.1 Producer(生产者)
2.2 Consumer(消费者)
2.3 Exchange(交换机)
2.4 Queue(队列)
2.5 rountingKey(交换机与队列之间的关系)
3、RabbitMQ开发方案
官网的6中模式,可以点开这个网址,显示6中模式,第6中模式RPC远程调用我们不需要用该模式,所以我们只要关注前五种就可以了。
接下来我们就直接简单教学rabbitmq的简单使用
3.0 代码讲解
/** * 声明队列,五个参数列表,如果直接使用默认channel.queueDeclare("queue"),那么其他参数都会自动默认设置属性,所以一般我们几乎都默认它 * String queue 队列名称 * boolean durable 队列是需要持久化,意思就是rabbitmq重启的时候,如果不是持久化,那么该队列就会消失,默认true * boolean exclusive 如果你想创建一个只有自己可见的队列,不允许其它用户访问RabbitMQ允许你将一个Queue声明成为排他性的,只对首次声明它的连接(Connection)可见,会在其连接断开的时候自动删除。所以我们开发中一般不需要此操作,默认false * boolean autoDelete 消息是需要持久化,意思就是rabbitmq重启的时候,如果为true,那么关闭期间接受的消息就会自动消失,默认false * Maparguments 这个参数我们只会在使用延迟队列中才会用到,就是延迟队列的相关配置等属性 * 方法channel.queueDelete("queue")等同于channel.queueDeclare("queue",true,false,false,null); */ channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
/** * 绑定队列到交换机 * String queue 队列名 * String exchange 交换机名 * String routingKey 绑定关系 如 大头儿子,小头爸爸 他们的rountingKey就是父子 */ channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
3.1 pom.xml
版本随意,本博客任何版本高版本也行。
com.rabbitmq amqp-client 3.4.1 org.slf4j slf4j-log4j12 1.7.7 org.apache.commons commons-lang3 3.3.2 org.springframework.amqp spring-rabbit 1.4.0.RELEASE
3.2 工具类准备
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class ConnectionUtil { public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception { //定义连接工厂 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); //设置服务地址 factory.setHost("localhost"); //端口 factory.setPort(5672); //设置账号信息,用户名、密码、vhost factory.setVirtualHost("/"); factory.setUsername("guest"); factory.setPassword("guest"); // 通过工程获取连接 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); return connection; } }
3.3 简单模式(simple)
理解:该rabbit服务器只有一个单一的队列
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class Send { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); // 从连接中创建通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明(创建)队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 消息内容 String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); //关闭通道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "mujiutian_queue"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //创建channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //创建队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //监听队列,发送消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); // 获取消息,该线程一直进行 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("获取到消息"+message); } } }
先打开rece的main函数,这样就可以执行send发送消息。
3.4 工作模式(work)
理解:rabbit服务器有一个exchange(交换机),该交换机下有两个队列,总共发送了100条消息,A队列效率高可以抢到80条消息给消费者,B队列只能抢到20条消息给发送者,他们的总和是100条,为工作模式。
先执行,先执行消费者main函数,在看结果图:
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class Send { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // 消息内容 String message = "" + i; channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(10); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息'" + message + "'"); // 返回确认状态 channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv2 { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成状态 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
如图:
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1);
跟这个有关系,这也就是我们所说的工作模式
3.5 订阅模式(Publish/Subribe)
理解:就是群发,该交换机下的所有队列,都会接受相同的所有交换机发来的消息,类似于qq群一样
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class Send { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout"); // 消息内容 String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv2 { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
3.6 路由模式(Routing)
理解就是:你是人,如果性别是女,请进女厕,是男性,请进男厕,如同,一个交换机下面的多个队列,根据rountingKey判断该接受的消息
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class Send { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); // 消息内容 String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv2 { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_work2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
3.7 通配符模式(Topics)
理解就是:路径aas.# A队列接受这种所有路径,B队列接受路径下的所有队列aab.#
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; public class Send { private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明exchange channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic"); // 消息内容 String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_work"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Recv2 { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_work2"; private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { // 获取到连接以及mq通道 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*"); // 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者 channel.basicQos(1); // 定义队列的消费者 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); // 监听队列,手动返回完成 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); // 获取消息 while (true) { QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String message = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(10); channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }
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