exodynamics exodynamics研究援助
phenotypically plastic什么意思？生态学方面的词汇
absolute reproductive value绝对生殖值
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abundance 多度
abyssal zone 深海带
acclimation 驯化
accumulation horizon 淀积层
aestivation 夏眠
age structure 年龄结构
age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表
agroecosystem 农业生态系统
alleles 等位基因
allelochemic 异种信息素/种间外激素
Allen’s rule 阿伦法则
allogenic succession 异发演替
allopatric speciation 异域性物种
altruism 利他行为
asexual reproduction 无性生殖
association group 群丛组
association table 群丛表
association unit theory 群丛单位理论
association 群丛
associations 群丛
Autecology 个体生态学
autogenic succession 自发演替
autotrophs 自养生物
Acid precipitation 酸沉降
Acid rain 酸雨
Agricultural eco-engineering 农业生态工程
Agricultural ecology, agroecology 农业生态学
Agricultural economical zoning 农业经济区位
Agricultural resources 农业资源
Agroecosystem 农业生态系统
Agroforestry 农林业系统
Allee’s principle 阿利氏群聚原则
Allelochemicals 化感物质
Allelopathy 化感作用
Artificial auxiliary energy 人工辅助能
Artificial direct regulation 人工直接调控
Artificial information flow 人工信息流
Auxiliary energy 辅助能
balancing selection hypothesize 平衡说
basal area 底面积
Bergman’s rule 贝格曼规律
bethal zone 半深海带
biocoenosis 生物群落
bioconcentration 生物浓缩
biological enrichment 生物富集
biomagnification 生物放大
biomass 生物量
biome 生物带
bionomic strategy 生态对策
biosphere生物圈
Biodynamic agriculture 生物动力农业
Biogecochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环
Biological agriculture 生物农业
Biological control 生物防治
Biological energy subsidies 生物辅助能
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）
Biomass 生物量
Bionomic strategies 生态对策
Biological micro-cycle 生物小循环
bottle neck 瓶颈
C3 plant C3植物
C4 plant C4 植物
CAM plant CAM植物
Capital flow 资金流
Carrying capacity 环境容纳量
Chemical ecology 化学生态学
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学耗氧量
Chinese Ecological Agriculture 中国生态农业
Climax 顶极群落
Coase’s theory 高斯理论
Coevolution 协同进化
Commensalisms 偏利作用
Community 群落
Competition 竞争
Competition exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理
Components structure 组分结构
Controlled availability fertilizers, CAFs 控效肥料
Crop productivity potential 作物生产潜力
cannibalism 同种相食
carnivores 食肉动物
carring capacity 负荷量
catastrophic 灾难性因素
chamaephytes(Ch) 地上芽植物
character displacement 特征替代
cheliophytes 阴性植物
climate climax 气候顶级
climate school 气候学派
climax community 顶级群落
climax 顶级群落
cline 渐变群
closed community 封闭群落
clumped 集群分布
coadapted system 协同适应系统
coarse grained 粗粒性分布
co-dynamics 相互动态
co-evolution 协同进化
cohort 同生群
cold desert 冷荒漠
colonization 定居, 建群
coloration 色泽
communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落
communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落
communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落
Community ecology 群落生态学
community matrix 群落矩阵
community organization 群落组织
community 群落
companion species 伴生种
compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食
competition coefficient 竞争系数
competition hypothesis 竞争假说
competitive exclusion 竞争排除
competive lottery 抽彩式竞争
conservation 保守主义者
conspicuousness 显著度
constancy 恒有度
contest competition 干扰竞争
contest type of competition 争夺型竞争
continental rise 大陆隆
continental shelf 大陆架
continental slope 大陆坡
convergent adaptation 趋同适应
convergent oscillation 趋同波动
cost of gene recombination 基因重组价
cost of mating 交配价
cost of meiosis 减数分裂价
courtship behavior 求偶行为
coverage 盖度
crude density 原始密度
cryptophytes(Cr) 隐芽植物
Decomposer 分解者
Desertification 土地沙漠化
Detritus food chain 腐食食物链
decomposition 分解作用
delayed density dependence 延后密度制约
density effect 密度效应
density ratio 密度比
density-dependent 密度制约
density-independent 非密度制约
deterministic model 决定模型
detrial food chain 碎 食物链
detritus feeder 食碎生物
development 发育
diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表
diapause 滞育
differential species 区别种
diffuse competition 分散竞争
diominant-submissive 支配—从属
directional selection 定向选择
discrete generation 离散世代
disruptive selection 分裂选择
disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级
divergent oscillation 趋异波动
dominance 优势度
dominant species 建群种
dominant species 优势种
dominant-submissive 支配—从属关系
dry desert 干荒漠
dynamic classification 动态分类系统
dynamic life table 动态生命表
dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表
earth nucleus 地幔
earth’s crust 地核
Ecological amplitude 生态幅
ecological density 生态密度
ecological dominance 生态优势
ecological environment 生态环境
ecological equivalent 生态等值种
ecological factor 生态因子
ecological force 生态力
ecological invasion 生态入侵
ecological natality 生态出生率
ecological release 生态释放
Ecology生态学
ecosystem development 生态系统的发育
Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学
ecosystem 生态系统
ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说
ecotype 生态型
ectotherm 外温动物
edge effect 边缘效应
eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象
emergy 能值
emigration 迁出
endogenous migration 内因性迁移
endotherm 内温动物
environment hormone 环境激素
environment 环境
equilibrium theory 平衡理论
euphotic zone 透光带
euryecious 广栖的
euryhaline 广盐性的
euryhydric 广水性的
euryphagic 广食性的
eurythermal 广温性的
eurytopic species 广适种
eutrophication 富营养化
evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林
Evolution ecology 进化生态学
evolution force 进化力
exogenous migration 外因性迁移
exploitive competition 利用竞争
exponetial growth 指数增长
Eco-economical zoning 生态经济区位
Ecological agriculture 生态农业
Ecological agriculture model (pattern) 生态农业模式
Ecological density 生态密度
Ecological effect 生态效益
Ecological efficiency 生态效率
Ecological factor 生态因子
Ecological engineering 生态工程
Ecological pyramid 生态金字塔（生态锥体）
Ecological succession 演替
Ecological sustainability 生态持续性
Ecology 生态学
Economic effect 经济效益
Economic externality 经济外部性
Ecosystem 生态系统
Ecotone 群落交错区（生态交错区）
Ecotope 景观元素（生态点）
Ecotype 生态型
Edge effect 边缘效应
Embodied energy 内含能
Emergent property of system 系统的整合特性
Energy 能值
Energy analysis 能流分析
Energy flow chart 能流图
Energy flow path 能流路径
Energy flow structure 能流结构
Energy flowing 能量流
Entropy 熵
Eutrophication 富营养化
Exponential growth form 种群指数增长模式
External benefit 收益外泄
External cost 成本外摊
Feed back 反馈作用
First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律
Fish pond-dike system 基塘系统
Flow 流
Food chain 食物链
Food chain structure 食物链结构
Food web 食物网
Free energy 自由能
First law of resources economic资源经济学第一定律
Functional component adundence 功能组分冗余
facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖
facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖
facultative 兼性因素
family selection 家庭选择
farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统
fecundity schedule 生育力表
fecundity 生育力
feedback 反馈
feeding niches 取食生态位
filter food 滤食性生物
fine grained 细粒性分布
finite rate of increase 周限增长率
fitness 合适度
floristic-structural classification 植物区系—结构分类系统
fluctuation 波动
food chain 食物链
formation group 群系组
formation 群系
formation 植物群系
foundational niche 基础生态龛
freshwater ecology 淡水生态学
freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统
function response 功能反应
gamete selection 配子选择
gaps 缺口
gaseous cycle 气体循环
geng pool 基因库
geographic variation 地理变异
geographical theory of speciation 物种形成
geometric growth 几何级数增长
geophytes(G) 地下芽植物
global ecology 全球生态
gradient hypothesis 梯度假说
grain 粒性
grazer 牧食生物
grazing food chain 捕食食物链
greenhouse effect 温室效应
gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素
gross primary production 总初级生产力
group selection 群体选择
group selection 群体选择
group selection 群选择
growth form 生长型
guild 同资源团
habal zone 深渊带
habitat 生境
heath 石楠群丛
height 高度
hemicryptophytes(He) 地面芽植物
herbivore 植食
herbivores 植食动物
heterotrophic succession 异养演替
heterotrophs 异养生物
hibernation 冬眠
homeostasis 内稳态
homeostasis 自调节稳态
homeostatic organism 内稳态生物
homeostatic process 内稳定过程
human demography 人口统计学
Human ecology 人类生态学
humus 腐殖质
hydrarch succession 水生演替
hydrosere 水生演替系列
immigration 迁入
importance value 重要值
individual converse rate 个体转化率
industrial melanism 工业黑化现象
inner capacity increase 内禀增长力
inner-environment 内环境
instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率
intensity 强度
interference competition 干扰竞争
interference competition 干扰竞争
intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说
internal distribution pattern 内分布型
interspecfic relationship 种间关系
intertidal zone 潮间带
intraspecific relationship 种内关系
inversely density dependent 反密度制约
Island ecology 岛屿生态学
iteroparity 多次繁殖生物
iteroparous 多次生殖
Jordan’s rule 约丹定律
keystone species 关键种
kin selection 亲属选择
kin selection 亲属选择
k-strategists k-策略者
land cover 土地覆盖
land use 土地利用
Landscape ecology 景观生态学
law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则
law of the minimum 最小因子法则
law of tolerance 耐受性法则
layer 层
leached layer 淋溶层
leaf area index 叶面积指数
leaf area index（LAS） 叶面积指数
lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统
life cycle 生活周期
life expectancy 生命期望
life form spectrum 生活型谱
life form 生活型
life history strategy 生活史对策
life history 生活史
lifespan 生活年限
lifetime 寿命
limit of tolerance 忍受性限度
littoral zone 沿岸带
lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统
macroclimate 大气候
macrofauna 大型生物
Marine ecology 海洋生态学
marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统
maximum natality 最大出生率
maximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量
megafauna 巨型生物
mexofauna 中型生物
microclimate 小气候
microcolony 微菌落
microcommunities 小群落
micro-ecosystem 微生态系统
micro-environment 微环境
microfauna 小型生物
microplankton 小型浮游生物
migration 迁徙
migration 迁移
modular organism 构件生物
modules 构件
Molecular ecology 分子生态学
monoclimax theory 单元演替顶级
monocultute 单种养殖
monogamy 单配偶制
monpohagous 单食性
monsoon forest 季风林
mortality curve 死亡曲线
mortality 死亡率
mosaic 镶嵌性
natality 出生率
n-dimensional niche n维生态龛
negative feedback 负反馈
net primary production(GP) 净初级生产力
neutrality controversy 中性说论战
niche compression 生态位压缩
niche separation 生态位分离
niche shift 生态位分离
niche 生态位
non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论
non-homeostatic organism 非内稳态生物
obiotic component 非生物成分
ocean-current 洋流
ohort life table 同群生命表
omnivores 杂食动物
open community 开放群落
open shrublands 稀疏灌丛
opportunist 机会主义者
ordination 排序
ornamentation 修饰
panclimax 泛顶级
关于英语词缀
英语常见词根词缀表
使用说明：下表中黑体字部分为词根和前后缀及其变体；两斜杠之间的斜体字为词根词缀的
含义；其后是例词。变体和原体的含义相同，只是由于元音或辅音的发音关系，
原体发生了变化，产生了变体而已。
例如：在“a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, anemia”例条中，
a- 和 an- 为前缀，其中 an- 为 a- 的变体；/ without, lacking, not / 为该前缀的含
义；而asymmetric, apolitical和anemia为例词。
前缀:
a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, asexual, anemia, anarchy
ab-, a-, abs- / from, away from / abduct, abjure, abdication, avert, abstain
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- / to, forward / admit, adjure, accord, affliction,
aggregation, annexation, apparition, arraignment, assumption, attendance
ambi- / both / ambidextrous, ambivalent
amphi- / round, about / amphitheater, amphigens
an-, ana- / up; up through, back / anatomy, analysis, anachronism
ante-, anti- / before / antecedent, antebellum, anticipate
anti- / counter, against / antibiotic, antibody, antisocial, antifascist
apo- / away, from / apostasy, apostle
ar-, arch- /chief, principal / archangel, archenemy, architect
be- / to make, to take from / belittle, befriend, betake, bespeak
belli- / war / belligerent, rebellious, bellicose
ben-, bon- / good, well / benefit, benediction, benign, bonus
bi- / two / bicycle, bilateral, bisect, bipolar, bivalence
biblio- / book / bibliography, bibliophile, Bible
by- / aside or apart from the common, secondary / by-product, bypass, byname
cat- / downwards, under, against / catacomb, catechise, catastrophe
circu-, circum- / around / circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumspection, circuit
com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- / together, with / combine, compassion, contract, concentric,
collaborate, correspond, cooperation
contra- / against / contradiction, contraband, contrast
de- / down from, away / decapitate, dehydrate, dehumanize, degrade
demi- / a half or a part of / demi-god, demilune, demiwolf
di-, dia- / through, across / diode, diameter, dialog, dialectics
dif-, dis- / not, the opposite, apart / different, diffuse, disagree, divert, dispel
dys- / badly, with difficulty, hard / dyscrasia, dyslexia, dyspepsia
e- / out / emigrant, egress, emit, elope, ejaculate, eject
ec-, ef-, ex- / an outcome of / effect, effulgence, ecstasy, eccentric, expire
em-, en- / to make / employ, embrace, enable, enrich
em-, en- / in, on, into / encage, enclose, embalm, emphasis, energy
epi- / on, outer, over / epidermis, epicenter, epitaph
equi- / equal / equilateral, equilibrium, equivalent
ex-, exo-, extra- / from, out of, without / export, exodus, exotic, ex-officio, extraordinary
eu- / beautiful, good / eulogize, eugenics, euphemism
for- / not, against, away / forget, forbid, forgo, forfend
fore- / before, in front of / forehead, foretell, forefather
hemi- / a half / hemisphere, hemistich, hemicrania
hetero- / denoting dissimilarity / heterogeneous, heterodox, heterarchy
homo- / denoting similarity / homogeneous, homonym, homosexual
hydro- / water / hydraulics, hydrometer, hydropathy
hyper- / over, beyond, excessive / hypertension, hypercritical, hypersensitive
hypo- / under, beneath, down / hypothesis, hypothermia, hypocrisy
im-, in-, il-, ir- / in, into, on / imbibe, import, income, input, illustration, irrigation
im-, in-, il-, ir- / not / impossible, immature, inconsiderate, ineffectual, illegal, irresponsible
infra- / under, beneath / infrared, infra-structure, infra-costal
inter- / between / international, interpersonal, interaction, Internet
intra-, intro- / within / intramural, intravenous, Intranet, introduction, introspection
iso- / equality or similarity / isocheimal, isochomatic
kilo- /a thousand/ kilogram, kilowatt, kilometer
magna- /big, great/ magnanimous, magnitude, magnum
macro- / big / macrocomputer, macrocontrol, macroeconomy
mal- / bad, wrong / malnutrition, maltreatment, malapropism
mega- / of great size / megaphone, megaton, megalopolis, megavolt
meta- / beyond, transcending / metaphor, metaphysics, meta-memory
micro- /small / microcomputer, microcontrol, microeconomy
milli- /a thousand/ millennium, millimeter, millisecond
mis- / bad, wrong / mistake, misspelling, mispronounce, mislead
mono- / one, alone / monotony, monogamy, monochrome
multi- / many / multiple choice, multilateral, multimedia
neo- / new / neo-Confucianism, neolithic, neology, neodoxy
neu- / non-partial / neutral, neutron
neuro- / nerve / neurology, neurotic, neurasthemia
non- / not, reversing the sense / nonalignment, nonsmoker, nonsense
ob-, oc-, of-, o-, op- / in the way of, against / object, obsolete, occasion, offend, omit, oppose
omni- / all / omnivorous, omnibus, omniscient
out- / beyond, exceeding / outbid, outbreak
over- / beyond, excessive / overwork, overawe, overcoat
paleo- / old, anscient / paleoanthropology, paleobiology, paleolithic
pan-, panta- / all, everything / pan-America, pantomime, pandemonium
para- / alike, comparison, unlike / paraphrase, paradox, parody
peri- / around / peripheral, periscope, perimeter
poly- / many / polytechnic, polymer, polyglot
post- / after / postgraduate, posthumous, postwar
pre- / before / prewar, prepare, preposition, preschool
pro-, por-, pur- / forward, forth / progress, proceed, portend, pursue
pseud- / false or spurious / pseudo-science, pseudo-membrane, pseudonym
re-, retro- / back, again / regression, review, retrospect, retrogressive
se- / aside, separating / secede, seduce, sedition, separate
semi- (hemi-) / half, partly / semiconductor, semifinal, semicircle, hemisphere
sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus-, / under / submit, submarine, succeed, suffix, suggest, support
sustain, subsonic
super- / above, greater, better / supersonic, supermarket, superpower, superiority
syn-, sym- / with, together / sympathy, symmetry, synchronic, synonym
trans- / across / transport, transplant, translation, transcontinental
tri- / three / tricycle, triple, triangle
ultra- / beyond, excessive, extreme / ultrasonic, ultraviolet
un- / not / undecided, unimportant
under- / beneath, lower in rank or degree / underdog, underfeed, undercoat
uni- / one / unite, unification, uniform
up- / upwards / uproot, upcast, upstart
with- / opposition, privation / withdraw, withstand
后缀:
-able, -ible / adj. capable of, fit for / eatable, workable, considerable, sizable
-ac /adj. like, pertaining to / cardiac, maniac
-age, -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency /n. signifying the state of being / coinage, acceptance,
existence, constancy, consistency
-ate / v. to make / activate, motivate, originate
-cle, -cule / adj. or n. small, little / particle, sickle, animalcule, miniscule
-dom / n. signifying dominion, office / kingdom, officialdom
-er, -or, -eer / n. one who / worker, writer, professor, engineer
-fy / v. to make / beautify, purify, simplify
-ic, -ical / adj. relating to, having the nature of / historic, economic, biblical, mechanical
-ics /n. study / economics, physics, linguistics
-il, -ile /adj. having the property of / civil, juvenile, puerile, ductile
-ism / n. action or practice, theory or doctrine / mechanism, imperialism, dogmatism
-ist / n. one who / physicist, communist, cyclist
-ity / n. condition, quality / activity, flexibility, identity, probability, feasibility
-ize / v. to make / modernize, revolutionize, popularize, realize
-logy / n. study, work / geology, psychology, metallurgy
-ment, -mony / n. the state of being / experiment, movement, harmony, hegemony
-ness / n. condition, quality, state of being / carelessness, sadness, illness
-oid / n. like, resembling / asteroid, mongoloid, anthropoid
-ous, -ious, -ose /adj. having the quality of / industrious, dangerous, bellicose
-ship / n. the state or quality of / sportsmanship, partnership, friendship
-tion, -ation, -sion /n. condition, the act of / information, reflection, extroversion
-tude, -ty / n. signifying the property / attitude, altitude, radioactivity, tenacity
-ward(s) / signifying direction / eastward, homeward, upward
(常见的拉丁或希腊语词尾):
-us cactus, alumnus, impetus (original plural form: “i”, alumni)
-a alumna, vita, formula (original plural form: “i”, alumni, or “ae”, formulae)
-um datum, curriculum (original plural form: “a”, data, curricula)
-ia, -sis, -tis (medical terms) anoxia, anemia, dyslexia, tuberculosis, hepatitis, meningitis
词根:
-acr- / sharp / acrimonious, acerbity, acidulate
-act-, -ag- / to do / action, reaction, agent,
-aev- / age, era / primeval, coeval, medieval
-agog- / leader / demagogue, pedagogue
-agri-, -agrari- / field / agriculture, agrarian, peregrination
-ali- / another / alias, aliens, inalienable
-ann-, -en- / year / annual, anniversary, centennial, biennial
-anim- / spirit / unanimous, magnanimous, animation
-anthrop- / human / anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist
-aqua- / water / aquatic sports, aquarium, aquanaut
-arch- / government, chief, leader / monarchy, anarchy, archbishop
-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- / star / asteroid, astronomy, constellation
-audi- / hear / auditor, auditorium, audio-visual lab
-auto- / self / autobiography, automation, automobile, autism
-belli- / fight, war / bellicose, belligerent, rebellion
-bio- / life / biology, biography, biochemical, antibiotics
-bon-, -ben- / good / bonus, debonair, benefit, benign, benediction
-brev- / short / brief, abbreviate, brevity
-cad-, -cas- / to fall / cadence, decadent, accident
-cap-, -capt-, -cep- / to take / capture, precept, participate
-cap-, -capit- / head, chief / capital, captain, decapitation, per capita income
-carn- / flesh, body / carnivore, incarnation
-ced-, -cess- / go, move, yield / precede, recede, succeed, antecedent, secede, process
-cent- / one hundred / century, centennial, percentage, centigrade, centipede
-centr- / center / central, concentric, centrifugal, concentrate
-chrom- / color / monochrome, trichromatic chromosome
-chron- / time / chronology, anachronism, synchronic, chronicle
-cid-, cis- / cut / incision, homicide, precision
-cit- / call / excite, incite, recite
-civi- / citizen / civil, civilian, civilization
-clam- / to cry out / clamorous, acclamation, exclaim
-claud-, -claus-, -clos-, -clud- / to close / claustrophobia, enclose, conclude
-cogno- / knowledge, knowing / cognition, recognition, incognito, acognostic
-comp- / to fill / complete, complement, comply
-cord- / heart / accord, cordial, discord
-corp- / body / corpse, corps, incorporation, corporeal
-cred- / to believe / credence, incredulous, incredible
-cur- / to care / curator, sinecure, to cure
-curr-, -curs- / course, to run / excursion, current, precursor, curriculum
-cycle- / cycle / bicycle, tricycle, recycle
-dat- / to give / data, mandate, date
-demo- / people / demography, democracy, demagogue, epidemic
-deb- / to owe / debt, indebtedness, debenture
-derm- / skin / epidermis, pachyderm, dermatology
-di-, -diurn- / daytime / diary, diurnal, journal
-dic- / say, speak / dictation, dictionary, dictator, contradiction
-doc- / to teach / docile, doctrine, document, doctor
-domin- / to rule / dominate, domain, indomitable
-duc- / lead / aqueduct, conductor, education, viaduct
-dynam- / power, strength / dynamite, dynamo, dynamics
-ego- / self / egocentric, egotism
-erg- / to work / energy, ergatocracy, metallurgy
-err- / to wander, to deviate / error, erratic, errand
-fact-, -fect- / make, do / factory, manufacture, effect, affect
-fall-, -fals- / to deceive / fallacy, infallible, falsification
-fer- / to bring, to bear / ferry, transfer, coniferous, refer
-flect- / bend / inflexible, reflect
-gam- / marriage / monogamy, bigamy, polygamy
-gen- / produce, birth / gene, generator, eugenic, generation
-geo- / earth / geology, geothermal, geometric
-graph-, -gram- / writing / geography, biography, telegram, diagram
-greg- / group, together / gregarious, aggregate, egregious
-helio- / the sun / heliotrope, heliograph, helium
-homo- / of human / homicide, homunculus,
-hydr- / water, of hydrogen / hydraulic, dehydrate, hydrotherapy, hydrocarbon, hydroxide
-it-, -itiner- / journey, road / exit, itinerary, reiterate
-jac-, -jec- / to throw / ejaculate, project, reject
-jur- / to swear / jury, abjure, perjury, jurisdiction
-lab-, -labor- / to work / laboratory, collaborate, laborious
-leg- / law / legislature, legal, legitimate
-leg-, -lect- / to choose / election, select, legible, eligible
-lib- / book / library, libretto, libel
-locu-, -log-, -loq- / to talk / elocution, monologue, soliloquy, eloquent
-luc- / light / elucidate, lucid, translucent
-magn- / big, great / magnum, magnanimous, magnify
-man- / hand / manufacture, manuscript, manicure, emancipation
-mar-, -mer- / sea, ocean / submarine, mermaid, marinology
-mit-, -miss- / send / transmit, emit, transmission, emission, permit, permission
-mon-, -monit- / to warn / admonish, premonition, monitor
-morph- / form, structure / morphology, morpheme, anthropomorphism
-mort-, -mori- / death / mortal, mortuary, moribund
-nav- / ship / navy, navigation, naval
-onym-, -nom- / name / synonym, pseudonym, nomenclature, nomination, misnomer
-oper- / to work / operation, cooperate, opera
-pac- / peace / pacify, pacifist, Pacific Ocean
-pathy- / feeling / sympathy, antipathy, telepathy, empathy
-pel- / to drive / compel, dispel, repel, propel
-pet-, -petit- / to seek / petition, compete, appetite
-phil- / love / Anglophile, hydrophilic, philosophy, philanthropist
-phob- / hate, fear / claustrophobia, acrophobia, xenophobia
-phon- / sound / telephone, microphone, phonology
-pod-, -ped- / foot / tripod, pedestrian, centripetal
-pon-, -pos- / position / postpone, position, preposition, positive
-polis- / city / metropolis, Indianapolis
-port- / carry / porter, portable, transport, exportation
-pseudo- / false, sham / pseudonym, pseudo-science, pseudology, pseudomorph
-psych- / mind / psychology, psychoanalysis, psywar
-put-, -putat- / to trim, to calculate / amputate, compute, putative, reputation
-que-, -qui- / to ask / question, query, request, inquisitive, prerequisite
-rid-, -ris- / to laugh / ridiculous, risibility, derision
-rog- / to ask / interrogate, prerogative, derogatory
-rupt- / to break / rupture, interrupt, eruption, bankrupt
-sci- / knowledge / science, omniscient, consciousness
-scrib-, -script- / write / scribble, inscribe, description, prescription, manuscript, scripture
-sed-, -sess- / to sit / session, sedentary, president, residence
-sens-, -sent- / to think, to feel / sense, sensitive, sensation, resent, consent
-sequ-, -secut- / follow / sequence, consequence, consecutive
-sol-, -solut- / to loosen / solvent, solution, absolve, dissolute, absolute
-son- / sound / subsonic, consonant, resonant, ultrasonic
-spect- / look at / spectrum, inspection, circumspection, retrospection
-spir- / breathe / spirit, aspiration, respiration
-soph- / wise / philosophy, sophisticate, sophomore
-tang-, -tact- / to touch / tangent, tangible, contact, contingent
-tele- / far / television, telephone, telediagnosis, telex
-temp- / mood / temper, temperament, temptation, contemptuous
-tempor- / time / temporary, contemporary, extemporaneous, temporize
-ten-, -tent- / to hold / tenable, tenacity, content, tenure
-terr- / land, earth / territory, subterranean, extraterrestrial, Mediterranean, inter
-theo-, -the- / god / theology, atheism, theory, pantheism
-therm- / heat / thermos bottle, thermometer, geothermal energy
-urb- / city / urban, suburban, urbane
-urn- / day / diurnal, nocturnal, journal
-ven-, -vent- / come / intervene, prevention, convention
-ver- / true / verify, verily, verisimilar, veracious
-via- / way / viaduct, deviation, trivial
-vid-, -vis- / see / video, visualize, vision, vista
-vinc-, -van- / conquer / victory, invincible, vanquish, vanity
-voc-, -vok- / call / vocation, revoke, invoke, provoke
-volv-, -volut- / to roll, to turn / evolve, revolve, convolution
尿液数据法计算动力学参数和生物利用度与血药浓度法相比，有何优缺点
药物的体内过程包括吸收、分布、代谢、排泄等过程，其中每一过程既有区别，又有联系，观察一个方面的变化，常可间接地认识另一方面的情况。所以药物在体内的速度过程变化规律，既可用血药浓度法来估算，也可用尿药浓度法来估算。
药物从体内排泄的途径，主要为肾排泄。尿中药物的排泄不是以恒速进行，而是与血药浓度成正比的一级速度过程。在多数情况下，尿药浓度高于血药浓度，而且尿药法定量分析精密度好，测定方法较易建立，取样方便，用药对象可免受多次抽血的痛苦。因此，在药物服用后，有较多原形药物从尿中排泄的条件下，通常可用尿药浓度法估算消除速度常数、生物半衰期等动力学参数。尿中原形药物经肾排泄的速度过程，可表示为：
=KeX 28-1
Ke为一级肾排泄速度常数，Xu为t时间排泄于尿中原形药物累积量，X为t时间体内药物量。
若静脉注射给药时，体内药量的经时过程可表示为：
X=Xoe-kt 28-2
Xo为给药剂量，K为一级消除速度常数。
将28-2式中X值代入28-1式后得：
=KeXoe-kt 28-3
两边取对数得：
lg =lgKeXo- 28-4
由28-4式可知，原形药物排泄速度的对数对时间作图为一直线，该直线的斜率为- ，与血药浓度的对数对时间作图所得的斜率相同。通过直线斜率即可求出药物的消除速度常数。
若口服给药，则体内药量经时过程可由下式表示：
X= （e-Kt-e-Kat） 28-5
Ka为一级吸收速度常数。
尿中原形药物的瞬时排泄速度可用28-5式代入28-1式得：
= （e-Kt-e-Kat） 28-6
当KaK，t充分大时，则e-kat→0，28-5式简化为：
= e-Kt 28-7
两边取对数得：
lg =lg - 28-8
由以上关系式可知，若以lgdXu/dt对t作图，可得到一条二项指数曲线，从其后段直线的斜率可求出一级消除速度常数K。
由于尿中原形药物排泄速度的瞬时变化率是不可能用实验方法测出的，通过实验只可求出平均尿药排泄速度，设在某段时间间隔Δt内原形药物的排泄量为ΔXu，则平均排泄速度为 ，如中点时间为tc，这样28-4或28-8式可改写如下：
lg =lgKeXo- tc 28-9
lg =lg - tc 28-10
这样以lg →tc作图,由于实验中采用平均排泄速度代替瞬时排泄速度，求得的消除速度常数K会出现较大的误差。但若以相同的时间间隔集尿，其时间间隔不超过一倍的药物的半衰期时，则仅产生2%以内的偏差。
（200分）请英语高手帮忙翻译一小段文章。（请不要用机器翻译，我试了不行啊）
不难嘛，但是请先解释你这里“预设“和“生成“具体指的是什么。翻译最忌讳断章取义。完了我给你翻。
A thorough preparation is indispensable for having a successful and effective class, nor is an interactive implementation. How to effectively combine the two together has become the question to be answered, especially under the idea of New Curriculum. Based on the research on preparation and implementation, this paper presents some thoughts on chemistry classroom teaching in the New Curriculum background, that is, preparation is the root of classroom teaching, while implementation is the soul. Nothing but to unity the two and bring them into harmony can make a lively and active chemistry class.
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